Peter Debye suggested that scattering for particles can be studied independently of assumptions on mass, size, or shape as a function of angle (Debye 1915), which is often referred as Rayleigh–Debye scattering. In contrast to Rayleigh theory, Gustav Mie ( 1908) described a theory (Mie theory) to study the scattering of light from absorbing and non-absorbing particles that are large compared to the wavelength of light by taking into account particle shape and the difference in refractive index between particles and the medium the particles are present in. Soon after, Lord Rayleigh described light scattering from particles that are smaller than the wavelength of light (Rayleigh scattering), which explained both that the sky’s blue colour is a result of scattering of light due to atmospheric particles and that the refractive index of the scattering medium plays a crucial role in light scattering (Strutt 1871a, b). One of the earliest light-scattering experiments was described by John Tyndall, which characterized light scattering from colloidal suspensions (Tyndall effect), where particles are larger than the wavelength of the incident light (Tyndall 1868). In a typical light-scattering experiment, sample is exposed to a monochromatic wave of light and an appropriate detector detects the signal. Detection of light scattering from matter is a useful technique with applications in numerous scientific disciplines where, depending on the light source and detector, specific properties of molecules can be studied.
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